Nernst N2032-O2/CO abun ciki na iskar oxygen da gas mai ƙonewa mai sassa biyu na nazari

Kewayon aikace-aikace

Nernst N2032-O₂/CO abun ciki na oxygen da iskar gas mai ƙonewamai nazari mai kashi biyucikakken mai nazari ne wanda zai iya gano abubuwan oxygen lokaci guda, carbon monoxide da ingantaccen konewa a cikin tsarin konewa. Yana iya lura da abun ciki na oxygen da abun cikin carbon monoxide a cikin iskar hayaki a lokacin ko bayan konewar tukunyar jirgi, tanderu, da kilns.

Abokin nazari tare da Nernst O₂/CO bincike na iya auna yawan abun ciki na oxygen kashi O₂% a cikin hayaki da tanderu, ƙimar PPM na carbon monoxide CO, ƙimar iskar gas mai ƙonewa 12 da ƙimar konewa tanderun konewa a ainihin lokacin.

Halayen aikace-aikace

Bayan amfani da Nernst N2032-O₂/CO abun ciki na oxygen da iskar gas mai ƙonewamai nazari mai kashi biyu, masu amfani za su iya adana makamashi mai yawa da sarrafa fitar da iskar gas.

Nernst N2032-O₂/CO abun ciki na oxygen da iskar gas mai ƙonewamai nazari mai kashi biyufasaha ce ta musamman wacce ke amfani da tsarin kai biyu na zirconia wanda aka haɓaka bayan shekaru goma na bincike kuma yana iya auna abun ciki na oxygen lokaci guda da abun cikin carbon monoxide. A halin yanzu fasaha ce ta in-line ma'auni na gaskiya. Ƙididdigar ƙima, babban daidaito, za a iya auna a kan layi a ƙarƙashin nau'i daban-daban na danshi da ƙananan ƙura.

A cikin aiwatar da konewar peroxygen, lokacin da iskar gas da iskar oxygen da ke goyan bayan konewa sun kai ga wani ma'auni mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, abun ciki na carbon monoxide shima zai canza tare da ɗan canji a cikin adadin oxygen. Canjin yanayin iskar oxygen da canji. Trend na carbon monoxide ya zama irin wannan yanayin da aka fi girma.

Nernst O₂/CO bincike ƙa'idar aunawa

Nernst O₂/CO bincike yana da nau'ikan lantarki guda biyu, waɗanda zasu iya gano siginar oxygen da siginar mai ƙonewa a lokaci guda.Saboda iskar gas mai ƙonewa bai cika ya ƙunshi carbon monoxide (CO), combustibles da hydrogen (H).₂).

Kwayoyin iskar oxygen na binciken zirconia ko firikwensin oxygen yana amfani da yuwuwar iskar oxygen da aka samar ta hanyar iskar oxygen daban-daban a ciki da waje na zirconia a babban zafin jiki (fiye da 650 ° C) don auna iskar oxygen na ɓangaren da aka auna. Wani ɓangare na binciken an yi shi da harsashi na bakin karfe ko harsashi na gami, wanda ya ƙunshi gami da hita ƙarfe, bututu zirconia, thermocouple, waya, allon tashar da akwatin, duba zane-zane. ciki da waje na bututun zirconia ta hanyar na'urar rufewa daidai.

Lokacin da zafin jiki na shugaban bincike na zirconia ya kai 650 ° C ko mafi girma ta wurin mai zafi ko zafin jiki na waje, nau'ikan iskar oxygen daban-daban a cikin ciki da waje za su haifar da ƙarfin lantarki mai dacewa a saman zirconia. Ana iya auna ƙarfin lantarki. ta hanyar madaidaicin waya mai gubar, kuma ana iya auna ƙimar zafin ɓangaren ta hanyar ma'aunin thermocouple.

Lokacin da aka san yawan iskar oxygen a ciki da wajen bututun zirconia, ana iya ƙididdige madaidaicin iskar oxygen bisa ga ma'aunin yuwuwar lissafin zirconia.

Tsarin tsari shine kamar haka:

E (millivolts) =4F(RT)loge 

Inda E shine yuwuwar iskar oxygen, R shine iskar gas, T shine cikakkiyar ƙimar zafin jiki, PO₂CIKI shine ƙimar matsin lamba na iskar oxygen a cikin bututun zirconia, da PO₂A WAJE shine ƙimar matsin lamba na iskar oxygen a waje da bututun zirconia.A cewar dabarar, lokacin da iskar oxygen a ciki da wajen bututun zirconia ya bambanta, za a samar da yuwuwar iskar oxygen daidai. Ana iya sanin shi daga tsarin lissafin cewa lokacin da Matsakaicin iskar oxygen a ciki da wajen bututun zirconia iri daya ne, karfin iskar oxygen ya kamata ya zama 0 millivolt (mV).

Idan ma'aunin yanayin yanayi yanayi ɗaya ne kuma iskar oxygen a cikin iska shine 21%, za'a iya sauƙaƙe tsarin zuwa:

()

Lokacin da aka auna yuwuwar iskar oxygen tare da kayan aunawa kuma an san yawan iskar oxygen a ciki ko waje da bututun zirconia, ana iya samun abun cikin iskar oxygen na sashin da aka auna bisa ga tsarin da ya dace.

Tsarin lissafin shine kamar haka: (A wannan lokacin, zafin jiki a cikin ɓangaren zirconia dole ne ya fi 650 ° C).

(%O₂) WAJE (ATM) = 0.21 EXPT(-46.421E)

Halayen lankwasa

Lokacin da aka auna gas ɗin ya ƙunshi O₂da CO a lokaci guda, saboda yawan zafin jiki na firikwensin da kuma tasirin tasirin platinum electrode na firikwensin, O.₂kuma CO zai amsa kuma ya kai ga yanayin ma'auni na thermodynamic, PO₂a gefen da aka auna ya canza ta yadda matsi na ɓangaren oxygen a ma'auni shine P'O₂.

Wannan saboda bayan an kunna firikwensin a babban zafin jiki, tsarin O₂da CO dauki da ke kula da ma'auni yayi daidai da tsarin O₂maida hankali yadawa. Lokacin da abin ya kai ga daidaito, yaduwar O₂Har ila yau maida hankali yana kula da daidaitawa, ta yadda ma'aunin da aka auna na iskar oxygen a ma'auni shine P'O₂.

Abubuwan da ke biyo baya suna faruwa a cikin mummunan yanki na ZrO₂baturi:

1/2 O₂(PO₂)+CO→CO₂

Lokacin da martani ya kai ga daidaito, O₂maida hankali canje-canje, PO₂an rage shi zuwa P'O₂, da kuma jujjuya gaseous oxygen kwayoyin da O₂a cikin matrix shine:

Wutar lantarki mara kyau:O₂ → 1/2 O₂(P'O₂)+2e

Na'urar lantarki mai inganci:1/2 O₂(PO₂)+2e → O₂

Tsarin bambance-bambancen baturi shine:1/2 O₂ (PO₂) → 1/2 O₂(P'O₂)

Lokacin da aka kwatanta ƙarfin electromotive na firikwensin tare da adadin moles na iskar iskar oxygen-reduction, lanƙwan sifa ce mai siffa mai kama da titration.

Siffar wannan sifa mai siffa a ƙarƙashin wasu zafin jiki, matsa lamba da ƙimar kwarara, firikwensin guda ɗaya yana da daidaitaccen yanayin yanayin yanayin tsarin gas iri ɗaya.

Don haka, a ƙarƙashin matsin yanayi da iskar gas da aka auna a cikin kwararar yanayi, kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki da adadin moles na O₂-CO tsarin ta firikwensin zirconia shine λ (λ=no2 / nco ko yawan adadin λ=O₂ × V %/OCO × V %) lanƙwan siffa.

Lokacin da Pt-Al₂O₃mai kara kuzari yana catalyzed a 600 ° C, CO a cikin tsarin aerobic za a iya canza shi gaba ɗaya zuwa CO.₂, don haka iskar gas ɗin da aka auna yana ƙunshe da iskar oxygen kawai bayan konewar catalytic.

A wannan lokacin, firikwensin zirconia yana auna madaidaicin abun ciki na oxygen. Saboda dangantakar da aka auna gas a karkashin aikin catalytic konewa, CO abun ciki a cikin ma'auni gas za a iya auna.Dangantakar da dauki dabara da yawa kafin da kuma bayan catalytic konewa na ma'auni gas ne kamar haka:

Ace yawan iskar carbon monoxide a cikin iskar gas da aka auna kafin catalysis shine (CO), yawan iskar oxygen shine A1, kuma yawan iskar oxygen a cikin iskar gas da aka auna bayan catalysis shine A, sannan:

Kafin kona:(CO) A1

Bayan konewa:O A

Sannan:A=A1 - (CO)/2

Kuma:λ = A1 / (CO)

Don haka:A=λ ×(CO)-(CO)/2

Sakamako:(CO)= 2A/(2λ-1)    (0.5)

Tsarin tsari na O₂/ CO bincike

O₂/ CO bincike ya yi daidai canje-canje a kan tushen asali na bincike don gane sabon aikin sarrafa konewa. Baya ga gano abubuwan da ke cikin iskar oxygen yayin aikin konewa, binciken zai iya gano abubuwan da ba a cika ba (CO / H).₂), saboda carbon monoxide (CO) da hydrogen (H₂) zama tare a cikin iskar hayaki na konewa da bai cika ba.

Binciken shine ainihin kashi wanda ke amfani da ka'idar electrochemical bayan dumama zirconia don gane ma'auni.

A. O₂electrode (platinum)

B. COe lantarki (platinum/ƙarfe mai daraja)

C. Sarrafa lantarki (platinum)

Babban bangaren binciken shine takardar takarda mai hade da zirconia wanda aka sanya a kan bututun corundum don samar da bututun da aka rufe kuma an fallasa shi zuwa tashar hayakin hayaki na tsarin konewa. ƙara rayuwar sabis.

Ayyukan lantarki na COe da O₂Electrode iri daya ne, amma bambancin da ke tsakanin na’urorin lantarki guda biyu shi ne sinadaran electrochemical da catalytic Properties na albarkatun kasa, ta yadda abubuwan da ke iya konewa a cikin hayakin hayaki kamar CO da H.₂Ana iya ganowa da ganowa.A cikin yanayin cikakken konewa, ƙarfin lantarki na "Nernst" UO₂Hakanan ana samun su a COe electrode, kuma waɗannan wayoyin guda biyu suna da halaye iri ɗaya. Lokacin gano konewar da ba ta cika ba ko abubuwan da za a iya ƙonewa, UCOe ɗin da ba “Nernst” ba zai kasance akan na'urar lantarki ta COe, amma halayen halayen na'urorin lantarki guda biyu suna motsawa daban.

Alamar wutar lantarki UCO/H₂na jimlar firikwensin shine siginar wutar lantarki da aka auna ta COe electrode. Wannan siginar ya ƙunshi sigina biyu masu zuwa:

UCO/H₂(Total Sensor) = UO₂(abincin oxygen) + UCO₂/H₂(abin da ake iya ƙonewa)

Idan an auna abun cikin oxygen ta O₂Ana cire electrode daga siginar jimillar firikwensin, ƙarshe shine:

UCOe (bangaren konawa) = UCO/H₂(Total Sensor)-UO₂(abincin oxygen)

Za'a iya amfani da dabarar da ke sama don ƙididdige ma'auni mai ƙonewa COe wanda aka auna a ppm. Na'urar firikwensin bincike shine halayyar siginar ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun. Hoton yana nuna madaidaicin lanƙwasa (layin tsinke) na maida hankali na COe lokacin da abun cikin oxygen ya ragu a hankali.

Lokacin da konewa ya shiga wurin da ba shi da iska, a wurin da ake kira "Emission Edge", lokacin da rashin isasshen iska ya haifar da konewa, daidaitaccen taro na COe zai karu sosai.

Ana nuna halayen siginar da aka samu a cikin zane mai lanƙwasa.

UO₂(layi mai ci gaba) da UCO/H₂(layi mai digo).

Lokacin da iskar ta yi yawa kuma konewar ta kasance gabaɗaya daga abubuwan haɗin COe, siginar firikwensin UO₂da UCO/H₂iri ɗaya ne, kuma bisa ga ka'idar "Nernst", ana nuna abun cikin oxygen na yanzu na tashar hayaƙin hayaƙi.

Lokacin gabatowa “gefen fitarwa”, jimlar firikwensin ƙarfin siginar UCO/H₂na COe Electrode yana ƙaruwa a cikin ƙimar da ba ta dace ba saboda ƙarin siginar da ba Nernst COe ba.Don halayen siginar wutar lantarki na firikwensin: UO₂da UCO/H₂dangane da abun ciki na iskar oxygen a tashar iskar gas, ana kuma nuna halaye na yau da kullun na bangaren COe mai ƙonewa a nan.

Baya ga siginar wutar lantarki na na'urori masu auna firikwensin UCO/H₂da UO₂, ingantacciyar firikwensin firikwensin sigina dU O₂/dt da dUCO/H₂/dt kuma musamman kewayon siginar jujjuyawar na'urar lantarki na COe ana iya amfani da shi don kulle “baƙin fitarwa” na konewa.

(Duba “Konewar da ba ta cika ba: kewayon jujjuyawar wutar lantarki na COe electrode UCO/H₂")

Halayen fasaha

•Ayyukan shigar da bincike biyu: Ana iya sanye da na'urar nazari ɗaya tare da bincike guda biyu, waɗanda zasu iya adana farashin amfani da haɓaka amincin auna.

•Ayyukan fitarwa da yawa: Mai nazari yana da fitowar siginar 4-20mA guda biyu na yanzu da kuma sadarwar kwamfuta-kwamfuta RS232 ko cibiyar sadarwa RS485. Ɗaya daga cikin tashar fitarwa na siginar oxygen, ɗayan tashar CO siginar fitarwa.

•Kewayon aunawa: Matsakaicin ma'aunin oxygen shine 10^-30zuwa 100% abun ciki na oxygen, kuma ma'aunin carbon monoxide shine 0-2000PPM.

•Saitin ƙararrawa:Mai nazari yana da fitowar ƙararrawa gabaɗaya 1 da abubuwan ƙararrawa 3 masu iya shirye-shirye.

• Daidaitawa ta atomatik:Mai nazari zai sa ido kan tsarin ayyuka daban-daban ta atomatik kuma ya daidaita ta atomatik don tabbatar da daidaiton mai nazarin yayin aunawa.

•Tsarin hankali:Mai nazari na iya kammala ayyukan saituna daban-daban bisa ga saitunan da aka riga aka ƙaddara.

•Nuna aikin fitarwa:Mai nazari yana da aiki mai ƙarfi na nuna sigogi daban-daban da fitarwa mai ƙarfi da aikin sarrafawa na sigogi daban-daban.

•Ayyukan aminci:Lokacin da tanderun ba ta da amfani, mai amfani zai iya sarrafawa don kashe injin binciken don tabbatar da aminci yayin amfani.

•Shigarwa abu ne mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi:shigarwa na mai nazari yana da sauƙi sosai kuma akwai kebul na musamman don haɗi tare da binciken zirconia.

Ƙayyadaddun bayanai

Abubuwan shigarwa

• Binciken zirconia ɗaya ko biyu ko ɗaya binciken zirconia + CO firikwensin

Nau'in nau'in ma'aunin zafi da sanyi ko flue ko na'urar K, R, J, S

• Shigar da sigina mai matsa lamba

• Zaɓin mai guda biyu daban-daban

• Kula da amintaccen aiki mai tabbatar da fashewa (wanda ya dace da bincike mai zafi kawai)

Abubuwan da aka fitar

Fitowar siginar siginar 4-20mA na layi biyu (mafi girman nauyin 1000Ω)

• Kewayon fitarwa na farko (na zaɓi)

Fitowar layin layi 0 ~ 1% zuwa 0 ~ 100% abun ciki na oxygen

Fitar Logarithmic 0.1-20% abun ciki na oxygen

Micro-oxygen fitarwa 10^-39zuwa 10^-1abun ciki na oxygen

• Kewayon fitarwa na biyu (ana iya zaɓar daga masu biyowa)

Abubuwan da ke cikin Carbon monoxide (CO) ƙimar PPM

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)%

Ƙimar PPM mai ƙonewa

Ingantacciyar konewa

Shiga darajar oxygen

Ƙimar konewa Anoxic

Yanayin zazzabi

Nuni siga na biyu

• Carbon monoxide carbon (CO) PPM

• Ingantaccen konewar iskar gas

• Binciken ƙarfin lantarki

• Yanayin zafin binciken

• zafin yanayi

• Ranar watan shekara

• zafi muhalli

• Zazzabi mai zafi

• Bincika rashin cikawa

• Ma'anar hypoxia

• Lokacin aiki da kulawa

Sadarwar kwamfuta / firinta

Na'urar tantancewa tana da tashar fitarwa ta RS232 ko RS485, wacce za'a iya haɗa ta kai tsaye zuwa tashar kwamfuta ko na'urar bugawa, kuma ana iya gano na'urar binciken da kayan aikin ta hanyar kwamfutar.

Tsaftace kura da daidaitaccen daidaitawar iskar gas

Mai nazari yana da tashar 1 don cire ƙura da kuma tashar 1 don daidaitaccen iskar gas ko tashoshi 2 don daidaitattun abubuwan fitarwa na iskar gas, da maɓalli na solenoid wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi ta atomatik ko da hannu.

DaidaitoP

± 1% na ainihin karatun oxygen tare da maimaitawa na 0.5%. Misali, a 2% oxygen daidaito zai zama ± 0.02% oxygen.

ƘararrawaP

Mai nazari yana da ƙararrawa gabaɗaya guda 4 tare da ayyuka daban-daban guda 14, da ƙararrawa masu shirye-shirye guda 3. Ana iya amfani da shi don siginar faɗakarwa kamar babban abun ciki na iskar oxygen, high da low CO, da kurakurai bincike da kurakuran aunawa.

Kewayon nuniP

Nuna ta atomatik 10^-30100% O2 abun ciki na oxygen da 0ppm ~ 2000ppm CO abun ciki na carbon monoxide.

Maganar gasP

Samar da iska ta famfon jijjiga micro-motor.

Ruireqements Power

85VAC zuwa 264VAC 3A

Yanayin Aiki

Yanayin aiki -25 ° C zuwa 55 ° C

Dangantakar Humidity 5% zuwa 95% (ba mai tauri ba)

Digiri na Kariya

IP65

IP54 tare da famfo iska na ciki

Girma da Nauyi

300mm W x 180mm H x 100mm D 3kg